Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha FM ʻoihana, ʻike paha ʻoe i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī i kahi papa inoa nui o nā transmitters. ʻO kekahi o nā palena nui i kapa ʻia ʻo SNR. No laila he aha ka SNR a no ke aha he mea nui ia? He aha ka manaʻo o SNR no nā mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha? Hiki i ka ʻike ma lalo ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kekahi ʻike pono. E ʻimi mau!

maʻiʻo

• He aha ka hōʻailona noise ratio? No ke aha he mea nui ia?
• Laʻana o ka hōʻailona noise ratio
• Panina
• Pinepine ninau ninaninau 'ana i

He aha ka hōʻailona noise ratio? No ke aha he mea nui ia?

ʻO SNR a i ʻole S/N ka pōkole o ka ratio signal-to-noise. Ma ke ʻano he ana ʻana, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma nā ʻano ʻepekema a me ka ʻenekinia. Ma ke kamaʻilio kelepona ʻole, pili ʻo SRN i ke ana o nā decibels (dB), ʻo ia hoʻi kahi hōʻailona. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike helu o ka pae mana a me ka pae mana leo.

Ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe ka waiwai SNR o kahi mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ʻoihana, ʻo ia ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha. No ke aha mai? No ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai SNR o ka mea hoʻolele hoʻolaha, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ratio o ka pae mana hōʻailona i ka pae mana leo, ʻo ia ka mea e loaʻa i kāu mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ka ʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka nui o ka walaʻau. Ke oi aku ka lakio o SNR i ka 0 dB a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 1:1, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hōʻailona ma mua o ka walaʻau. Akā, inā emi ka SNR ma mua o 1:1, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka walaʻau ma mua o ka walaʻau.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī SNR i nā huahana hoʻoponopono leo he nui, me nā mea leo, kelepona (wireless a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe), headphone, microphones, amplifier, receivers, turntables, radios, CD/DVD/media player, PC sound cards, Smartphones, tablets, etc. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo nā mea hana a pau i kēia waiwai.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka walaʻau maoli e ka hum keʻokeʻo a uila paha a i ʻole static a haʻahaʻa a vibrating hum. E hoʻonui i ka leo leo me ka pāʻani ʻole; inā lohe ʻoe i ke kani ʻana, he walaʻau ia, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo "noise floor." E like me ka pahu hau ma ke kiʻi i hōʻike mua ʻia, e mau ana ka walaʻau hope.

I ka lōʻihi o ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona e hiki mai ana a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka papahele leo, e mālama ka leo i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka mea i makemake ʻia i ka hōʻailona hōʻailona noise no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kani akaka a pololei.

E noʻonoʻo paha ʻo ka hōʻailona i makemake ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻikepili kumu me ka hoʻomanawanui hewa ʻole a haiki paha, a aia kekahi mau hōʻailona e hoʻopilikia i kāu hōʻailona makemake. Pēlā nō, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hana a ka mea hoʻokipa e decrypt i ka hōʻailona koi. I ka pōkole, ʻo ia ke kumu he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka leo kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, i kekahi mau hihia, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o nā ʻokoʻa o ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, a ma nā hihia āpau, e hoʻopilikia ia i ka hana ma waena o ka mea hoʻouna a me ka mea hoʻokipa.

Ma ka ʻenehana uila, ʻo ke kī i ka hana ʻana o ka hāmeʻa ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hōʻailona noi ma ke ʻano he ʻike kānāwai mai kekahi walaʻau hope a i ʻole ka hōʻailona ma ka spectrum. Hōʻuluʻulu kēia i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka kikoʻī SNR maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonohonoho. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā maʻamau aʻu e ʻōlelo nei e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hana pono ʻole.

Laʻana o ka hōʻailona noise ratio

ʻOiai he nui nā ʻano e ana i ka hana naʻau o nā mea hoʻokipa lekiō, ʻo ka ratio S/N a i ʻole SNR kekahi o nā ala pololei loa, a hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi like ʻole.

Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka manaʻo o ka ratio signal-to-noise ma nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, me nā ʻōnaehana leo a me nā kahua hoʻolālā kaapuni ʻē aʻe.

He maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ratio signal-to-noise o ka hōʻailona i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻano he nui.

Eia naʻe, he nui nā palena. ʻOiai ua hoʻohana nui ʻia, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, me nā helu walaʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka S/N ratio a i ʻole SNR kahi kikoʻī koʻikoʻi a hoʻohana nui ʻia e ana i ka hana o nā hoʻolālā kaapuni RF he nui, ʻoi aku ka naʻau o nā mea hoʻokipa lekiō.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻokoʻa e like me ka ratio o ka hōʻailona i ka walaʻau S/N, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i nā decibels. Ma muli o ka hopena o ka pae hoʻokomo hōʻailona i kēia ratio, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka pae hōʻailona hoʻokomo. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia i nā microvolts. ʻO ka pae hoʻokomo kikoʻī i koi ʻia no ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ratio hōʻailona-a-noise o 10 dB ka mea maʻamau.

Inā nāwaliwali ka hōʻailona, ​​manaʻo paha ʻoe e pono ke hoʻonui ʻia ka leo e hoʻonui i ka puka. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka leo i luna a i lalo e pili ana i ka papahele walaʻau a me ka hōʻailona. E ʻoi aku ka leo o ke mele, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka walaʻau. Pono wale ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka ikaika hōʻailona o ke kumu e hoʻokō ai i ka hopena i makemake ʻia. Loaʻa i kekahi mau mea lako lako polokalamu a i ʻole nā ​​mea lako polokalamu i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ratio hōʻailona-a-noise.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hoʻohui nā ʻāpana āpau, ʻo nā kaula hoʻi i kekahi pae o ka walaʻau i ka hōʻailona leo. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻāpana maikaʻi loa e mālama i ka papahele haʻahaʻa i hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ratio. ʻO ka ratio hōʻailona-a-noise o nā mea analog e like me nā amplifier a me nā turntables ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā mea kikohoʻe.

No nā ʻōnaehana uila, hilinaʻi nui kou maikaʻi leo i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lākiō hōʻailona-a-noise kiʻekiʻe. I mea e hoʻokō ai i ka SBR kiʻekiʻe, pono mākou e ʻike i ke kumu a me ke ʻano o ka walaʻau i nīnau ʻia. ʻO ka "noise" e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻano o ka hōʻailona hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū i nā leo kino makemake ʻole, static, a i ʻole nā ​​alapine ʻē aʻe. Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i kahi microphone uʻi ʻole, ʻo kou walaʻau paha ka hopena o ke kani kani i ka wā FM. "FM", no ka mea, hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana uila analog āpau i ka modulation frequency e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona leo. ʻO kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke kaʻina hana FM ʻo ia ka hopena hopu: e hoʻoemi mau ka mea hoʻokipa kelepona (hoʻololi i ka leo) i ka hōʻailona RF ikaika loa ma kahi alapine i hāʻawi ʻia, me nā kani āu e makemake ʻole ai.

Panina

Hoʻomanaʻo kēia iā mākou i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ʻoihana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i ka waiwai piha o ka ratio SNR ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻailona uila kuhikuhi, akā ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia wale nō ka hōʻailona. Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia nā hōʻailona uila ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e like me ka pane alapine a me ka harmonic distortion i ka kuhikuhi. ʻĀpana. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe ʻike pehea e koho ai i ka mea hoʻolele lekiō FM maikaʻi loa, e ʻoluʻolu hoʻopili iā FMUSER, He mea hana mua mākou i nā mea hana lekiō.

NPP

1. He aha ka hōʻailona noise ratio ma FM?

No ka hōʻailona SSB-FM a me ka leo Gaussian narrow-band ma ka hoʻokomo (kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO), ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka ratio signal-to-noise (SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO) ma ka puka o ka mea ʻike FM maikaʻi. e like me ka hana o ka helu helu modulation.

2. He aha ka Signal to Noise Ratio ma RF?

Hoʻonui ka pre-phase i ka amplitude o ke alapine hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe, ma laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ratio signal-to-noise ... Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea hoʻomaikaʻi FM ma mua o 1, hele mau ka SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka bandwidth. ma ke ala lawe a me ka hoʻouna.

3. He aha ka Signal to Noise Ratio ma RF?

ʻO ka Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ʻaʻole ia he ratio, akā he decibel (dB) waiwai i hoʻohana ʻia no ke ana ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ikaika hōʻailona a me ka walaʻau hope. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ikaika hōʻailona he -56dBm, ʻo ka walaʻau he-86dBm, a ʻo ka ratio hōʻailona-a-leo he 30dB. ʻO ka lākiō hōʻailona-a-noise kekahi mea koʻikoʻi e pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.

4. No ke aha i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka FM noise ratio?

Loaʻa iā FM ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka walaʻau. No ka laʻana, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me AM, hāʻawi ʻo FM i kahi ratio hōʻailona-a-noise ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi (SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO). hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku i ka lākiō hōʻailona-a-noise.?

5. No ke aha he mea nui ka Signal to Noise Ratio?

ʻO ka hana walaʻau a me ka ratio signal-to-noise he mau palena nui o kēlā me kēia mea hoʻokipa lekiō. noise ratio, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana sensitivity o ka mea hoʻokipa lekiō.